MARCH 15, 2018
The Most Expensive Mistake Leaders Can Make
by Simon Cooper and Jim Harter
STORY HIGHLIGHTS
- Current performance review processes often hurt organizations
- Today's top talent does not want a boss, they want a coach
- Managers should establish expectations, coach and create accountability
Traditional performance management systems consume an enormous amount of an organization's time and money. Based on various estimates, the cost of lost time due to traditional performance evaluations ranges from $2.4 million to $35 million per year for companies with 10,000 employees.
And yet the evidence is clear --the impact of these review programs has been dismal. What's more, many of these review processes have been found to actually hurt organizations rather than help. According to Gallup analytics, only 14% of employees strongly agree that the performance reviews they receive inspire them to improve.
For leaders, this is not merely a question about your front line -- it's about how you develop future managers and leaders.
Failing to develop leaders is the single most expensive mistake a leader can make.
With that in mind, Gallup took a comprehensive look at the current state of performance management -- including interviews with top scientists, leaders, managers, meta-analyses involving hundreds of studies, and using its own database of more than 60 million employees.
Gallup's research suggests this: Today's top talent does not want a boss, they want a coach. "Performance management" must be transformed into "performance development" -- an approach that focuses on growing leaders, not just keeping employees accountable.
All other conversations -- about new scoring methods or digital tools -- should be grounded in this new developmental, future-oriented mindset.
Gallup analytics suggest that leaders who want to develop their managers into successful leaders must focus on three things:
establish expectations
continually coach
create accountability
Build a better blueprint for performance management.
Gallup helps you meet the needs of today's workforce with a simplified approach to performance management systems and processes.
1. Establish expectations: According to Gallup analytics, only 50% of employees clearly know what is expected of them at work. And only 41% strongly agree that their official job description aligns well with the work they do.
Even more troubling, a mere 26% of employees strongly agree that their manager is good at helping them set work priorities.
To be effective, managers need to become very skilled in setting expectations that are clear, collaborative and aligned.
That means managers need to be involved, themselves, and involve their employees in the process of setting expectations.
The worst thing you can have is an employee or manager who tells you, "Yes," but does not believe the goal can be achieved. When employees believe a goal is unreachable, they tune out. At their best, goals are challenging but attainable.
During a review, leaders and managers should share the top priorities they would like employees to accomplish. They should also allow employees to share their own objectives -- what they will accomplish, when it will be done, and how success will be measured.
According to Gallup analytics, only 30% of employees strongly agree that their boss involves them in setting their goals at work. Those who do strongly agree are 3.6 times more likely to be engaged.
This point cannot be overstated: When your managers and employees are included in setting their goals, they are more likely to be engaged, more likely to believe their goals are fair, and more motivated to achieve those goals.
2. Continually coach: The typical employee today receives minimal feedback from their boss.
According to Gallup, 28% of employees say they receive feedback a few times a year, while 19% say they receive feedback once a year or less.
This means that meaningful, ongoing feedback is nonexistent for nearly half of American employees.
The solution is to provide performance conversations that are frequent, focused and future-oriented.
At a minimum, leaders should provide meaningful feedback to their direct reports every week and provide substantial developmental coaching each month. The mutually agreed on goals form the basis for these ongoing coaching conversations.
Ongoing conversations provide an opportunity to adjust goals as business changes, rather than delay adjustments until formal progress reviews, when it is often too late. They also provide an opportunity to build confidence in times of crisis.
In 2009, the hotel industry in North America dropped 25% in revenue, due to perceived corporate excess during the financial crisis.
In situations like that, you must give your people something to keep them working hard -- because they will need to work even harder to get you out of the hole.
During regular conversations, negative issues should be addressed and success should be recognized and praised. Not only do frequent honest conversations keep employees and managers accountable -- they also improve perceptions of fairness.
If feedback only happens during an annual evaluation, employees and managers have no opportunity to fix mistakes, make things right and learn.
Additionally, when ongoing performance conversations occur, annual reviews hold no surprises.
A coach must understand the strengths and weaknesses of his or her team and position each person so they can each reach their highest potential for the greater good.
Leaders who trust their employees and managers with autonomy create confident leaders who feel empowered to make decisions.
3. Create accountability: Given that traditional management has been perceived as more "boss" than "coach," you might assume managers have been effective in delegating and holding employees accountable. But less than half of employees (40%) strongly agree that their boss holds them accountable for their performance goals.
To be meaningful, accountability needs to be achievement-oriented, fair and accurate, and developmental.
When people think of accountability, it is nearly always in the negative sense. Performance evaluations typically have the aura of judgment with a particular focus on fixing problems.
An achievement-oriented review reframes the conversation around future performance, continuous improvement and recognition of excellent work.
Similarly, developmental conversations focus on identifying natural talents and growing them into strengths.
One additional benefit of a coaching mindset is that it reminds you that you are preparing your people for something else.
You have people under your charge, to develop and grow, and someday you will hand them off to others.
Mentoring others to become the best version of themselves gives work meaning that ultimately translates into higher performance and successful future leadership.
From Satisfaction to Ownership
The ultimate goal of re-engineering performance management for your managers is to drive employee performance to increasingly higher levels of excellence -- so that they can lead your organization for decades to come.
In practice, this is the difference between "satisfying" employees and building a culture of "ownership." When managers are invited to take ownership of their own evaluations and goals, and when they feel their boss truly cares about them and their performance, high performance results.
As Charles Schwab famously said, "I have yet to find the man [or woman], however vaulted their station, who does not do better work under the spirit of approval than under the spirit of criticism."
Meaningful performance development is not only essential for retaining world-class talent, it is also imperative for organizations who are looking to pass on their legacy to the next generation.
Gallup can help you redesign your performance management strategy for results that will pay off long into the future:
- Download our Re-Engineering Performance Management paper and listen to the accompanying webinar to discover what truly motivates employee performance.
- Bring our Leading High-Performance Teams course to your organization to help all managers understand how to build an engaging environment.
- Empower employees and teams to discover and develop their strengths using our CliftonStrengths assessment.
- Inquire about our performance management solutions, ranging from process redesign to manager training to further your performance management strategy.
Jim Harter, Ph.D., is Chief Scientist, Workplace Management and Well-Being for Gallup's workplace management practice. He is coauthor of the New York Timesbestsellers 12: The Elements of Great Managing and Wellbeing: The Five Essential Elements. His research is featured in First, Break All the Rules, and he contributed the foreword to Gallup's new edition of this groundbreaking bestseller.
Simon Cooper is the former President of The Ritz-Carlton and a Senior Adviser to Gallup.
October 24, 2015
Why Aren't All Organizations Strengths-Based?
by Simon Cooper
"Everybody is a genius, but if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree, it will live its whole life believing it is stupid."
This rather obscure quote attributed to Albert Einstein (a true genius) exaggerates the challenge of identifying the innate qualities that each of us possesses and applying those qualities to our careers.
Rugby coaches have an easy time assessing their players because physical attributes dictate the position for which players are best suited. The 6-foot-6 players will be in the second row leaping for a line-out ball, and the 5-foot-10 player who can run 100 yards in 11 seconds will be a line-breaking center back. Our physical attributes are no secret, but what about our abilities that cannot be seen?
Gallup and other organizations have made enormous advances over the past few decades in developing tools to dramatically improve our ability to see the unseen. CliftonStrengths, which catalogs individuals' talent themes, provides leaders with insight into themselves and their teams in a way that was never possible when I began my career.
Given this knowledge, there is no reason why all workplaces could not be strengths-based. In a global study of companies that have implemented strengths-based management practices, 90% of the groups Gallup studied had performance increases at or above the following ranges:
- 10% to 19% increase in sales
- 14% to 29% increase in profit
- 3% to 7% higher customer engagement
- 6% to 16% lower turnover (in low-turnover organizations)
- 26% to 72% lower turnover (in high-turnover organizations)
- 9% to 15% increase in engaged employees
- 22% to 59% fewer safety incidents
Nonetheless, some leaders prefer to focus on weaknesses. I find that debilitating, and it consumes a huge amount of what I call negative management time because time spent trying to "fix" weaknesses almost always results in negative outcomes for the individuals and the organization.
In fact, I would argue that trying to change our innate qualities and behaviors is a futile exercise.
Focusing on strengths improves companies, management and leadership. Gallup found that 67% of employees who strongly agree that their manager focuses on their strengths are engaged in their jobs. When employees strongly disagree with this statement, the percentage of engaged workers plummets to 2%.
When I worked at Marriott, I was a strong proponent of 360-degree feedback -- a process in which employees receive confidential, anonymous feedback from their peers and leaders. The quality that had the highest correlation with a leader's long-term success was the ability to "inspire and motivate." If inspiring and motivating a team is the primary goal of a great leader, then talking to employees and team members about their strengths is the best way to start.
Gallup's research has found that people who focus on their strengths every day are six times more likely to be engaged in their jobs. This should be no surprise. We all prefer to do what we're good at, and the role of the leader or coach in a strengths-based workplace is to target employees' talents where they can be most effective -- yes, square pegs in square holes.
In the global hospitality business, we employ tens of thousands of employees around the world, and many of them are doing repetitive and mundane work for relatively low wages. Yet these ladies and gentlemen -- which is how employees at Ritz-Carlton, where I was president, refer to their coworkers -- are amazingly creative and talented.
I recall attending an important dinner at the Ritz-Carlton in Shenzhen, China. The menu was printed on a fan, and one had to open the fan to read it. The Chinese calligraphy wove in and out of the folds of the fan -- it was beautiful. I insisted on meeting the artist with whom the hotel had contracted to create such an exquisite work of art. It turned out that the artist was a gentleman responsible for cleaning the public toilets in the hotel.
We should not be surprised to find such extraordinary talent hidden in our employees. There is a piece of genius in all of us -- the skill is to find it, develop it and use it. Companies are more successful when they look for those pieces of genius in their people. So the question for companies that don't is, why not?
Simon Cooper is the former President of The Ritz-Carlton and a Senior Adviser to Gallup.
Cooper Blog